Sn
118.710Tin
Kalay
Tin is a post-transition metal with atomic number 50. It is known for bronze, tinplate cans, lead-free solder, tin oxides, organotin chemistry and allotropes such as white tin and gray tin.
50
118.71 g/mol
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 4
1.96
7.287 g/cm³
231.9 °C
2601.8 °C
Antik çağ
Tin has been known since antiquity and became historically important through bronze, an alloy of copper and tin that helped define the Bronze Age. Its symbol Sn comes from the Latin stannum.
Tin-112
Natural abundance: About 0.97%. Stable isotope of tin.Tin-114
Natural abundance: About 0.66%. Stable isotope of tin.Tin-115
Natural abundance: About 0.34%. Stable isotope of tin.Tin-116
Natural abundance: About 14.5%. Stable isotope of tin.Tin-117
Natural abundance: About 7.7%. Stable isotope used in NMR studies.Tin-118
Natural abundance: About 24.2%. Stable isotope of tin.Tin-119
Natural abundance: About 8.6%. Stable isotope used in NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy.Tin-120
Natural abundance: About 32.6%. The most abundant stable isotope of tin.Tin-122
Natural abundance: About 4.6%. Stable isotope of tin.Tin-124
Natural abundance: About 5.8%. Long-lived isotope studied in double beta decay research.SnO₂
Tin(IV) OxideTransparent conducting films, gas sensors, ceramic glazes and polishing powders.SnCl₂
Tin(II) ChlorideReducing agent, mirror chemistry and metal-plating activator.SnCl₄
Tin(IV) ChlorideLewis acid and precursor for tin oxide coatings.Sn-Ag-Cu
Tin-Silver-Copper SolderLead-free solder alloy used in electronics.- Tinplate coatings on steel cans for food packaging
- Lead-free solder such as tin-silver-copper alloys in electronics
- Bronze, the copper-tin alloy used in tools, bells, sculpture and bearings
- Tin dioxide in transparent conducting films, gas sensors and ceramic glazes
- Organotin compounds in PVC stabilizers and specialized chemistry, with restrictions on toxic biocides
Tin has no confirmed essential biological role in humans, though trace amounts occur in organisms.
- Tin has more stable isotopes than any other element.
- Tin pest is the transformation of white tin to gray tin at low temperatures, which can make metal crumble.
- Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin and was central to the Bronze Age.
- The symbol Sn comes from stannum, the Latin name for tin.
- Tin has atomic number 50 and belongs to group 14.
- Its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p².
- Common oxidation states are +2 and +4.
- Tin allotropes must be distinguished from tin compounds such as SnO₂ or SnCl₂.
What is the atomic number of tin?
The atomic number of tin is 50.
What is the electron configuration of tin?
Tin has the electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p².
Why is the symbol for tin Sn?
The symbol Sn comes from stannum, the Latin name for tin.
What is tin used for?
Tin is used in tinplate cans, lead-free solder, bronze, coatings, tin oxides, gas sensors and specialized organotin chemistry.
What are the main allotropes of tin?
The main tin allotropes are white tin, β-Sn, and gray tin, α-Sn.
What is tin pest?
Tin pest is the low-temperature transformation of metallic white tin into brittle gray tin, which can make tin objects crumble.
Does tin have many stable isotopes?
Yes. Tin has ten stable isotopes, the highest number of stable isotopes for any element.