In
114.820Indium
İndiyum
Indium is a soft post-transition metal with atomic number 49. It is best known for indium tin oxide in touchscreens and displays, indium phosphide optoelectronics, low-melting alloys and CIGS solar cells.
49
114.82 g/mol
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 3
1.78
7.31 g/cm³
156.6 °C
2071.8 °C
Ferdinand Reich
Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter using spectroscopy. Its name comes from the indigo-blue spectral line that revealed the new element.
Indium-113
Natural abundance: About 4.3%. Stable isotope of indium.Indium-115
Natural abundance: About 95.7%. Half-life: About 4.4 x 10¹⁴ years. Very long-lived beta-emitting isotope that dominates natural indium.In₂O₃
Indium(III) OxideMain indium oxide component of indium tin oxide transparent conductors.InP
Indium PhosphideHigh-speed optoelectronics, fiber-optic lasers and photodetectors.InCl₃
Indium(III) ChlorideLewis acid reagent and precursor for indium compounds.Cu(In,Ga)Se₂
CIGS AbsorberThin-film solar cell semiconductor material.- Indium tin oxide transparent conductive coatings for touchscreens, LCDs and solar panels
- Indium phosphide and indium gallium arsenide semiconductors for optoelectronics
- Indium gallium nitride LEDs and laser diode materials
- Low-melting alloys, solders and cryogenic seals
- CIGS thin-film solar cell absorber materials
Indium has no known essential biological role.
- Indium tin oxide is transparent and electrically conductive, which makes modern touchscreens possible.
- Indium is often recovered as a byproduct of zinc mining.
- Indium metal can make a crackling sound when bent, similar to tin cry.
- Indium-115 is very long-lived and makes up most natural indium.
- Indium has atomic number 49 and belongs to group 13.
- Its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹.
- Indium commonly forms +3 compounds, but +1 chemistry is also known.
- ITO means indium tin oxide and is a transparent conducting oxide.
What is the atomic number of indium?
The atomic number of indium is 49.
What is the electron configuration of indium?
Indium has the electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹.
What is indium used for?
Indium is used in indium tin oxide coatings, semiconductors, LEDs, low-melting alloys, solders and CIGS solar cells.
What is indium tin oxide used for?
Indium tin oxide, or ITO, is used as a transparent conductor in touchscreens, flat-panel displays and some solar cells.
Why is indium important for touchscreens?
Indium tin oxide conducts electricity while remaining transparent, allowing touchscreens and displays to sense input without blocking light.
Is indium radioactive?
Natural indium is dominated by indium-115, which is very weakly radioactive with an extremely long half-life.