Sb
121.760Antimony
Antimon
Antimony is a brittle metalloid with atomic number 51. It is best known for the symbol Sb, flame-retardant antimony trioxide, lead alloys, stibnite, phase-change GeSbTe materials and several unusual allotropes.
51
121.76 g/mol
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³
2 | 8 | 18 | 18 | 5
2.05
6.685 g/cm³
630.6 °C
1634.8 °C
Antik çağ
Antimony compounds have been known since antiquity, especially stibnite, Sb₂S₃, used as kohl eye cosmetic. Metallic antimony was described in detail by Nicolas Lémery in 1707, and the symbol Sb comes from the Latin stibium.
Antimony-121
Natural abundance: About 57.2%. Stable and the more abundant natural antimony isotope.Antimony-123
Natural abundance: About 42.8%. Stable isotope of antimony.Sb₂O₃
Antimony(III) OxideFlame-retardant synergist, glass additive and ceramic opacifier.Sb₂S₃
Antimony(III) Sulfide (Stibnite)Main antimony ore, ancient kohl pigment and pyrotechnic material.SbCl₃
Antimony(III) ChlorideLewis acid reagent and precursor for antimony chemistry.GeSbTe
Germanium-Antimony-Tellurium AlloyPhase-change storage material in optical discs and PCM devices.- Antimony trioxide as a synergist in halogenated flame-retardant plastics, textiles and electronics
- Lead-antimony alloys for hard lead, battery grids and bearing metals
- GeSbTe phase-change materials for rewritable optical discs and phase-change memory
- Antimony-containing semiconductors and infrared detector materials
- Tin-antimony solders, babbitt metals and specialty alloys
Antimony has no known essential biological role and many soluble antimony compounds are toxic at elevated exposure.
- Antimony uses the chemical symbol Sb from stibium, not from its English name.
- GeSbTe can switch between amorphous and crystalline states, changing electrical resistance for phase-change memory.
- Stibnite was used as kohl eye cosmetic in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
- Natural antimony has two stable isotopes in a roughly 3:2 abundance ratio.
- Antimony has atomic number 51 and belongs to group 15.
- Its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³.
- Antimony is a metalloid; common oxidation states include +3, +5 and -3.
- For SEO and chemistry review, connect Sb₂O₃ with flame retardants and GeSbTe with phase-change memory.
What is the atomic number of antimony?
The atomic number of antimony is 51.
What is the electron configuration of antimony?
Antimony has the electron configuration [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³.
Why is the symbol for antimony Sb?
The symbol Sb comes from stibium, the Latin name associated with antimony sulfide.
What is antimony used for?
Antimony is used in flame-retardant systems, lead alloys, battery grids, semiconductors, solders and phase-change materials.
What is antimony trioxide used for?
Antimony trioxide is widely used as a synergist with halogenated flame retardants in plastics, textiles and electronics.
Does antimony have stable isotopes?
Yes. Natural antimony consists mainly of two stable isotopes, antimony-121 and antimony-123.