Mn
54.938Manganese
Manganez
Manganese is a transition metal with atomic number 25. It is essential in steelmaking, batteries, potassium permanganate chemistry, antioxidant enzymes and the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex.
25
54.938 g/mol
[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²
2 | 8 | 13 | 2
1.55
7.47 g/cm³
1245.8 °C
2060.8 °C
Johan Gottlieb Gahn
Manganese was isolated by Johan Gottlieb Gahn in 1774 from pyrolusite, a manganese dioxide mineral. The name is related to Magnesia, a historical region also connected with the names magnesium and magnetite.
Manganese-55
Natural abundance: 100%. The only stable naturally occurring isotope of manganese.Manganese-54
Natural abundance: Synthetic / trace cosmogenic. Half-life: About 312 days. Radioactive isotope used in tracer and environmental studies.MnO₂
Manganese DioxideBattery cathode material, oxidizer and glass decolorizer.KMnO₄
Potassium PermanganateStrong purple oxidizing agent used in water treatment and analytical chemistry.MnSO₄
Manganese SulfateUsed in fertilizers, animal nutrition and battery materials.MnO
Manganese(II) OxideCeramic and glass colorant and manganese source.Mn₂O₇
Manganese(VII) OxideHighly reactive oxide illustrating manganese in the +7 oxidation state.- Steelmaking, where manganese improves hardness, toughness and sulfur removal
- Manganese dioxide cathode material in zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries
- Potassium permanganate as a strong oxidizing agent
- Glass decolorizing and ceramic color applications
- Fertilizers and animal feed supplements in controlled amounts
Manganese is an essential trace element. It is a cofactor in enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase, and a manganese-calcium cluster in photosystem II helps split water during photosynthesis.
- Manganese-55 is the only stable isotope of manganese.
- Potassium permanganate changes reduction products depending on whether the solution is acidic, neutral or basic.
- The oxygen released by photosynthesis comes from water splitting at a manganese-calcium cluster.
- Very high occupational manganese exposure can harm the nervous system, so manganese is essential but dose-sensitive.
- Manganese has atomic number 25 and belongs to group 7.
- Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s².
- Manganese shows many oxidation states, commonly +2, +4 and +7.
- KMnO₄ contains manganese in the +7 oxidation state and is a classic strong oxidizer.
- Permanganate reduction products depend on pH: acidic solutions often give Mn²⁺, neutral conditions can give MnO₂, and strongly basic conditions can give manganate, MnO₄²⁻.
What is the atomic number of manganese?
The atomic number of manganese is 25.
What is the electron configuration of manganese?
Manganese has the electron configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s².
What is manganese used for?
Manganese is used in steelmaking, batteries, potassium permanganate, glass chemistry, fertilizers and animal nutrition.
Why is manganese important in photosynthesis?
A manganese-calcium cluster in photosystem II helps split water, releasing oxygen during photosynthesis.
What is potassium permanganate used for?
Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer used in water treatment, analytical chemistry and some disinfection applications.
What does potassium permanganate form in acidic, neutral and basic solution?
Permanganate commonly reduces to Mn²⁺ in acidic solution, MnO₂ in neutral or weakly basic conditions, and MnO₄²⁻ in strongly basic solution.
What are the common oxidation states of manganese?
Common manganese oxidation states include +2, +4 and +7, with several other states possible in transition metal chemistry.