C
12.011Carbon
Karbon
Carbon is a nonmetal and the foundation of organic chemistry. It forms diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes and countless organic compounds, making it central to life, fuels, materials and the carbon cycle.
6
12.011 g/mol
[He] 2s² 2p²
2 | 4
2.55
2.267 g/cm³
3549.8 °C
3641.8 °C
Antik çağ
Carbon has been known since ancient times in forms such as charcoal, soot, graphite and diamond. Antoine Lavoisier later helped establish carbon as a chemical element.
Carbon-12
Natural abundance: About 98.93%. The standard isotope used as the basis for atomic mass.Carbon-13
Natural abundance: About 1.07%. Stable isotope used in NMR and isotope tracing.Carbon-14
Natural abundance: Trace amounts. Half-life: 5,730 years. Radioactive isotope used in radiocarbon dating.CO₂
Carbon DioxideImportant greenhouse gas and product of respiration and combustion.CO
Carbon MonoxideToxic gas that binds strongly to hemoglobin and is used as a reducing agent in metallurgy.CH₄
MethaneMain component of natural gas.CaCO₃
Calcium CarbonateFound in limestone, chalk, marble and shells.C₆H₁₂O₆
GlucoseSimple sugar used as an energy source in living organisms.- Graphite in pencils, electrodes, lubricants and furnace linings
- Diamond for cutting, drilling and abrasive tools
- Carbon fiber for lightweight sports, aerospace and structural materials
- Coal, oil and natural gas as carbon-rich energy sources
- Graphene, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes in advanced materials research
Carbon is essential to life. It forms the backbone of organic molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and many biomolecules involved in metabolism.
- Diamond and graphite are both made of carbon but have very different properties.
- Carbon can form long chains and rings, which is why organic chemistry is so large.
- Carbon-14 dating is used to estimate the age of once-living materials.
- Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal network and is studied for advanced electronics and materials.
- Carbon has atomic number 6 and belongs to group 14.
- Its electron configuration is [He] 2s² 2p².
- Carbon has four valence electrons and commonly forms four covalent bonds.
What is the atomic number of carbon?
The atomic number of carbon is 6.
What is the electron configuration of carbon?
Carbon has the electron configuration [He] 2s² 2p².
What are the main allotropes of carbon?
Important carbon allotropes include diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes and amorphous carbon.
Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
Carbon monoxide is dangerous because it binds strongly to hemoglobin and reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen.
Why is carbon important for life?
Carbon forms stable chains and rings, making it the backbone of organic molecules in living organisms.